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2.1  Physical Security Risks


2.2  Digital Security Risks


2.3 Organizational Security Risks


2.4 Regulatory Factors Security Risks


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2.1  Physical Security Risks


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2.2  Digital Security Risks


<img width="553" height="412" src="http://cobjon.com/w/php/upload/202403/01/e05d4fa1.png" alt="vshapes=" "="" style="vertical-align:middle;" />


2.3 Organizational Security Risks


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2.4 Regulatory Factors Security Risks


 


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¶þ¡¢ÆäËû²Î¿¼²ÄÁÏ


1.http://files.cnblogs.com/miyeah/A-Brief-Overview-on-satellite-hacking.pdf 


2.http://files.cnblogs.com/miyeah/Satellite-Hacking-A-Guide-for-the-Perplexed.pdf 


3.Satellite Hacking IndianZ (Martin Rutishauser) ¶ÔÎÀÐÇºÚ¿Í½øÐÐÁËºÜºÃµÄ½éÉÜ¡£ÎÒ°ÑÕâ¸öPPTÕ³Ìùµ½ÎÄÕÂÖÐ£¬Ï£Íû¶ÔÑÐ¾¿ÎÀÐÇ°²È«µÄ´óÄÃÃÇÄÜ¹»ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£


 


<img width="554" height="411" src="http://cobjon.com/w/php/upload/202403/01/c15ba3ee.png" alt="vshapes=" "="" style="vertical-align:middle;" />


 


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Page3  Disclaimer ÃâÔðÉùÃ÷


# FX talked about satellite hacking @berlinsides 6 months ago ( unpublished£©


#A wish , more people of the community would join this topic


#So I started investigation into satellite technology , digital video broadcasting and ham amateur radio


#Nights of research , gathered more than 3.6 GB public data


#Just started , not yet fully there where I want ( ed ) to be


#But for now , please fasten seatbelts for a short trip to space


 
Page4 Agenda Òé³Ì


Introduction    ½éÉÜ


Equipment       Éè±¸


Satellite Hackerst    ÎÀÐÇºÚ¿Í


Future Outlook        Î´À´Õ¹Íû


Annexr                      ¸½Â¼R


 


Page5 Definitions ¶¨Òå


Latin satelles = Companion or bodyguard


Bodyguard = Etruskan origin ( 500 BC )


Bird ( in the sky ) = Satellite ( in orbit )


Orbit = Path around Earth


Payload = Module ( Imagery,Radio,DVB-S(2),...)


Downlink = Satellite to Earth


Uplink = Earth to Satellite


Beam = Uplink / Downlink Channel


Footprint = Coverage of Satellite Beam


Launch = Bring satellite with transport vehicle into orbit


VSAT = Very Small Aperture Terminal ( dish2dish)


Doppler effect/shift = Radio RX / TX moving


Beacon = Modulated Oscillator ( telemetry )


Transponder = Transmitter and responder ( relay )


Transceiver = Transmitter and receiver


Apogee = Biggest Distance to Earth


Perigee = Smallest Distance to Earth


TT&amp;C = Telemetry , Tracking &amp; Command


 


<img width="553" height="414" src="http://cobjon.com/w/php/upload/202403/01/842a78fe.png" alt="vshapes=" "="" style="vertical-align:middle;" />


 


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Page 10 Launches


# About 4 000 launches overall  ( ? )


# About 100 launches in 2012


# Multiple payloads possible


# Nowadays approximately 3000 satellites living ( ? )


# Operating lifespan between 5 to 20 years


# About 20 countries are " in space"


# About 22 official launch sites worldwide


 


Page 11 Countries in space


# USA , Russia , Japan , China , France , India , Israel£¬Australia , UK , Canada , Germany , Italy , Austria , Indonesia£¬Brazil , Sweden , Luxembourg , Argentina , Saudi Arabia£¬South Korea


# ESA ( European Space Agency ) : Austria , Belgium , Czech Republic , Denmark , Finland , France , Germany , Greece Ireland , Italy , Luxembourg , Netherlands , Norway , Portugal ,Romania , Spain , Sweden , UK , Switzerland


# Private Organizations ( Space Adventures , Virgin Galatic Rocketship Tours , ...)


# Work in progress : North Korea , Iran,...


 


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Page 13 14 Orbits 


# LEO : Low Earth Orbit ( circular orbit : 6.9 to 7.8 km/s ) , 200 to 1200 km( elliptic orbit : 6.5 to 8.2 km/s )


# GTO : Geostationary Transfer Orbit , 200-800 km perigee / 36000 km apogee


# MEO : Medium Earth Orbit ,1.000 to 36.000 km


# GSO / GSO : Geo Synchronous Orbit / Inclined GSO , 23h56min04 saround earth ( analemma - > 8 )


# GEO : Geo Stationary Orbit ( 3.1 km/s ) , 35.786 km


# HEO : Highly Elliptical Orbit , Molniya ( 1.5 to 10.0 km/s ) , 200 to 15.000km / 50.000 to 400.000 km


# Graveyard : around 335.786 km


# SSO : Sun Synchronous Orbit


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Page21-22 Dependencies ÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ


 


#Finance:Backup transaction links


#Communication:Backup mobile / internet links , Amateur Radio


#Branch offices: Internet access / VPN / VSAT


#Transport: Navigation , Containers , Search & RescueH 


#Military: Espionage , Reconnaissance


#News: Digital video broadcast


#Weather: Forecast


#Video telephony: IP-TV


#Geology: Maps , Resource discovery


#Astronomy: Observation , Reconnaissance


#Navigation : GPS , Galileo , GLONASS , Compass£¬IRNSS


#Satellite Phones : Iridium Inmarsat Isatphone Pro£¬BGAN , Fleet Broadband , Globalstar , Thuraya , Terrestar


# Satellite Internet : Businesscom Networks Ltd £¬ CETel Gmbh , dsl2u , Filiago , HET AN @ Home , STA-Network, Sat Internet Services Gmbh , Satlynx , satspeed ,SkyGate , Stardsl , Thuraya , getinternet s a.r. I


#TV : Astra , Hotbird , Sky , UPC


 


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Page 27 Tracking 


#Tools for Satellite Tracking


#Gpredict ( win / linux )#Orbitron , Sattrack ( win )#Predict ( linux )


 


#Online Databases


#http://www.n2yo.com/database/#http://heavens-above.com/#http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nwgs/UCS_Satellite_ Database_1-1-12.xls


 


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Page31 Agenda Òé³Ì


Introduction    ½éÉÜ


Equipment       Éè±¸


Satellite Hackerst    ÎÀÐÇºÚ¿Í


Future Outlook        Î´À´Õ¹Íû


Annexr                      ¸½Â¼R


 


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Page36 Agenda Òé³Ì


Introduction    ½éÉÜ


Equipment       Éè±¸


Satellite Hackerst    ÎÀÐÇºÚ¿Í


Future Outlook        Î´À´Õ¹Íû


Annexr                      ¸½Â¼R


 


 


Page37 Past publications


#2012 B.Driessen and R.Hund: Don't Trust Satellite Phones 


#2011 M.Moeckel:Space Debris


#2011 J.Geovedi , R.Iryandi , R.Chiesa:Hacking a Bird in the Sky 2.0


#2009 J.Geovedi , R.lryand:Hacking Satellite: A New Universe to Discovers 


#2009 L Nve Egea , Ch Martorell:Playing in a Satellite Environment 1.2


#2009 A . Laurie:Satellite Hacking for Fun & Profit!


#2008 J.GeovedI, R.Iryandi, A.Zboralski: Hacking a Bird in the Sky : Exploiting SatelliteTrust Relationships 


#2006 J.Geovedi, R.lryandi : Hacking a Bird n the Sky : Hijacking VSAT Connections 


#2006 A . Adelbach : Broadcasting by Misuse of Satellite ISPs 


#2004 Warezzman: DVB Satellite Hacking


#1998 D.Veneman : Future & Existing Satellite Systemsf


#1996 D.Veneman : Low Earth Orbit Satellites


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Page39 Digital Video Broadcasting


#DVB-T


      DVB Terrestrial,ETSI EN 300744 1997


#DVB-S / 2


      DVB Satellite,ETSI EN 300421 1997 / S2 EN 302307 2005


#DVB-C / 2 = Cable


       DVB Cable,ETSI EN 300429 1994 / C2 EN 302755 1998


#DVB-H = Handheld


#DVB-SH = Handheld over Satellite


 


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Page 45 Press Citations


#Satellites could come under cyber siege ...


#Aging fleet has become a prime target ...


#We're going to fight from space and we're going to fight into space...


#Malicious cyber activities directed against U.S satellites...


#Satellite-based networks : at risk from hackers...


#Attacks against satellite systems ...


 


Page46-47 Top 10 threats


#Tracking


Tracking : over web data and software


#Listening


Listening : the right equipment , frequencies and location


#Interacting


Interacting : protocols and authentication used , radio transmissions need official license !


#Using


Take over a bird ( or a TT & C ) , use payloads , make pictures ,transmit something ( DVB or radio )


#Scanning / attacking


Anonymous PoC 2010 by Leonardo Nve Egea


Scanning , DoS and spoofing possible


#Breaking


Old technologies used : up to 20 (!) years lifespan


X.25used(x25bru.c and http://www.0xdeadbeef.info/)


GRE used (IRPAS + gre . c from Phenoelit;)


#Jamming


Frequencies are known , you are in range and have power


#Mispositioning


Raging transponder spoofing , direct commanding , command replay , insertion after confirmation but prior to executiont 


#Grillin


Activating all solar panels when exposed to sun (!)


Overcharging energy system ( charge controller?)


#Collisioning ?


 


 


Page48 49 Collisioning£¡


#1978 Kessler syndrome(aka Kessler effect, collisional cascading or ablation cascade)


#8 known high speed collisions


#1985 US antisatellite missile test(p78-1)


#1996 Cerise satellite collided with space debris


#2006 Satellite collision(Dart/Mublcom)


#2007 Chinese anti-satellite missile test( Fengyun)


#2009 Satellite collision(Iridium 33/kosmos-2251)


#3 times space debris collided with Mir station


 


Page50 Known hacking cases


2012 Iridium / Inmarsat phones , german researchers


2010 Anonymous scan / attack over satellites , L.N.Egea


2009 Predator drones ( DVB Skygrabber ) Afghanistan


2009 FLTSAT-8£¬Brasilian hackers£¬socker radio chats


2008 Landsat-7 / Terra AM-1 over Norway TT & C (.CN ?£©


2007 Intelsat broadcast, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam


2002 Sinosat-1 broadcast , Falun Gong banner China TV


1990 Pay-tv Decoding ( Premiere Europe )


1990 Freeloaders , pr0n / free phone calls over satellites


1980 Satellite radio listening , signals decoding


 


Page51 Agenda Òé³Ì


Introduction    ½éÉÜ


Equipment       Éè±¸


Satellite Hackerst    ÎÀÐÇºÚ¿Í


Future Outlook        Î´À´Õ¹Íû


Annexr                      ¸½Â¼R


 


 


Page 52 Satellite Future


#NASA did stop shuttle usage ( because of costs and accidents ) in 2011


#ISS now gets logistics over Spacex Dragon space capsule ( US private organization ) or Sojuz ( TMA-M£©spacecrafts ( Russia )


#NASA plans to be back in space with Space Launch System ( SLS ) by 2017 and permanent moon base by 2024


#China plans own space station by 2020


 


Page 53 Personal Outlook


#I'm not alone in the community covering this topic


#Highly complex field , merged technologies


#Not much proof-of-concepts yet completed


#Preparing for HAM radio license ( to be able to send)


#Just started investigating , expect more to come


#If somebody wants to join the research , feel free 


#Especially guys with DVB experience are welcome 


 


Page 54 Questions Comments Discussion


55-58ÈýÒ³ÊÇ²Î¿¼ÎÄµµÒÑ¾ÐÎ³ÉÎÄ×Ö


References


#http://www.satellitenwelt.de


#http://www.heavens-above.com


#http://blog.makezine.com/2009/07/22/catching-satellites-on-ham-radio/


#http://www.levinecentral.com/ham/grid_square.php


#http/www.uska.ch/


#http://www.bakom.admin.ch/themen/frequenzen/01576/01578/index. html?lang=de


#http://www.bakom.admin.ch/themen/frequenzen/00652/00653/index. html?lang=de


#htt§â://www.n2y0.com/database/ 


#htt§â://www.u§ãsusa.org/assets/documents/nwgs/UCS_Satellite_Database_1-1-12. xls 


#htt§â://www.hamqsl.com/


#htt§â://gpredict.oz9§Ñ§Ö§ã.net/


#htt§â://sourceforge.net/projects/ggrx/


#htt§âs://github.com/csete/ggrx/


#htt§â://dvbsnoo§â.sourceforge.net/


#htt§â://www.amsat.org/


#htt§â://atpdec.sourceforge.net/


#htt§â://www.oz9aec.net/index.php/gnu-radio/gnu-radio-blog/451howto-receive-and-decode-noaa-apt-images-with-the-funcube-dongle-and-gqrx


#htt§â:///www.oz9aec.net/index.php/gnu-radio/gnu-radio-blog/477-noaa-apt-reception-with-ggrx-and-rtlsdr


#htt§â://www.thiecom.de/


#htt§â://sat.mur.at/


#htt§â://shackspace.de/wiki/doku.php?id=project:hgg


#htt§â://brainwagon.org/the-arduino-n-gameduino-satellite-tracker/


 


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